In Kurdish society, the word Anfal has come to represent the entire genocide over decades. The following are some of the anniversaries of the chemical bombardment of towns and villages which took place across Kurdistan in hundreds of communites, in , and Anfal campaign Anfal campaign in was performed in eight stages, in which , civilians lost their lives. Thousands of villages were destroyed, bringing the total destroyed since the s to 4, The eight stages were orchestrated as follows:.
Toggle navigation. Anfal Campaign and Kurdish Genocide Hundreds of thousands of men, women and children were executed during a systematic attempt to exterminate the Kurdish population in Iraq in the Anfal operations in the late s. Thus, this book may be considered as one of the comprehensive books to present a study of state-building in Iraq, along with identifying some of the political figures that had an essential impact on the construction.
On the other hand, it is a comprehensive study of the genocide, in the sense of searching for the causes and roots of the genocide. The Anfal campaigns took place in , but the process started as far back as the end of the sixties and the beginning of the seventies of the last century. Ibrahim Sadiq is sociology lecturer at Soran University. Majeed, who fled from his home in a nearby village, remembered seeing the residents of Goptapa suffocate from the poisonous gases.
Although Majeed was taken to prison, his young and agile body helped him escape. While Majeed lived to tell the tale, he lost eight members of his family during the campaign, along with people from his village in the Garmiyan area of the semi-autonomous Kurdish region. His only wish is to find their remains. Kurdish officials say the whereabouts of thousands who went missing during the offensive is still unclear.
Families have been trying to identify their bodies in mass graves. Although a team was tasked with identifying the bodies, Taimour Abdulla, a massacre survivor, raised concerns about the excavation process. According to Abdulla, the remains of dozens of bodies exhumed at the mass grave and kept at the Medical-Legal Institute in Baghdad have been mixed up with one another, and DNA testing to help identify the bodies has not even begun.
But instead of looking into his complaint, the authorities filed a lawsuit against him, said Abdalla. He said the digging process has since been put on hold.
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